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Oracle数据库学习-Sequence序列值

Sequence序列值大量应用在表中需要设置ID自动增长作为主键的地方,在当前数据库中属于全局级别。本文简单介绍Sequence的使用。

创建

根据Oracle的SQL定义,sequence的创建语法非常清晰。我们用下面的例子演示最常见的创建方法。

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SQL> create sequence myseq
  2  increment by 10
  3  start with 100
  4  nomaxvalue
  5  nocycle
  6  cache 5;

序列已创建。

已用时间:  00: 00: 00.00

** increment by表示步长 ** start with 开始值 ** nomaxvalue 是否设置最大值,如果需要则指定 maxvalue xxx,相反,可以指定最小值,适用于步长为复数的情况 ** nocycle 当达到最大或最小值后是否循环 ** cache 一次性需要缓存多少个序列值

Cache作用

通过启用执行计划,可以很清楚地观察到cache的作用,减少了db block的读取。 先取第一个序列值,得到100,此时内存中应该缓存了5个数字,分别是100,110,120,130,140

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SQL> set autotrace on;
SQL> set timing on;
SQL> select myseq.nextval from dual;
   NEXTVAL
----------
	   100

已用时间:  00: 00: 00.00

执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 833250823
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation        | Name  | Rows  | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |       |     1 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SEQUENCE        | MYSEQ |       |            |          |
|   2 |   FAST DUAL      |       |     1 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------

统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
		 30  recursive calls
		  3  db block gets
		  3  consistent gets
		  0  physical reads
		776  redo size
		412  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
		385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
		  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
		  0  sorts (memory)
		  0  sorts (disk)
		  1  rows processed

可以观察到上述db block get的读取。接下来连续多次取下一个序列值。

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SQL> /

   NEXTVAL
----------
	   140

已用时间:  00: 00: 00.01

执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 833250823
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation        | Name  | Rows  | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |       |     1 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SEQUENCE        | MYSEQ |       |            |          |
|   2 |   FAST DUAL      |       |     1 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------

统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
		  0  recursive calls
		  0  db block gets
		  0  consistent gets
		  0  physical reads
		  0  redo size
		413  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
		385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
		  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
		  0  sorts (memory)
		  0  sorts (disk)
		  1  rows processed

db block均为0,因为sequence是从内存中直接获取,不需要再从buffer cache中获取。

当试图获取150这个sequence的时候,有了db block get,从buffer cache再次获取。

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SQL> /

   NEXTVAL
----------
	   150

已用时间:  00: 00: 00.00

执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 833250823
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation        | Name  | Rows  | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |       |     1 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SEQUENCE        | MYSEQ |       |            |          |
|   2 |   FAST DUAL      |       |     1 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------

统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
		 14  recursive calls
		  3  db block gets
		  1  consistent gets
		  0  physical reads
		724  redo size
		413  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
		385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
		  2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
		  0  sorts (memory)
		  0  sorts (disk)
		  1  rows processed
SQL>

currval的获取

currval是会话级别的,多个会话互不干扰。分别创建2个会话,并获取sequence,nextval由于是全局级别,类似C++中的static,因此获得全局唯一值。

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--会话A
SQL> select myseq.nextval from dual;

   NEXTVAL
----------
	   160

--会话B
SQL> select myseq.nextval from dual;

   NEXTVAL
----------
	   170

再观察不同会话级别的currval

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--会话A
SQL> select myseq.currval from dual;

   CURRVAL
----------
	   160
SQL>

--会话B
SQL> select myseq.currval from dual;

   CURRVAL
----------
	   170
SQL>

sequence的负增长

sequence的序列号可以实现倒序的负增长。比如下面的例子。

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SQL> create sequence myseq2
  2  increment by -10
  3  start with 100
  4  maxvalue 101
  5  nominvalue
  6  nocycle
  7  cache 5;

序列已创建。

SQL> select myseq2.nextval from dual;

   NEXTVAL
----------
	   100

SQL> /

   NEXTVAL
----------
		90

SQL> /

   NEXTVAL
----------
		80

SQL>
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Oracle数据库学习-索引及常规使用

用/dev/null和/dev/zero更改文件